Abstract
Simple SummaryChondrosarcomas develop chemoresistance to standard anticancer drugs, making it difficult to control unresectable or metastatic chondrosarcomas. To improve the clinical outcomes of chondrosarcoma, new treatment approaches, such as molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapy, are needed. Recent research has revealed promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma. In addition, several molecule-targeting agents have shown favorable antitumor activities in several clinical studies in patients with advanced sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and therapeutic targets and recent clinical studies on treating chondrosarcomas.Due to resistance to standard anticancer agents, it is difficult to control the disease progression in patients with metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcoma. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as molecule-targeting drugs and immunotherapy, are required to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma. Recent studies have suggested several promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma, including IDH1/2 and COL2A1. Several molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapies have shown favorable antitumor activity in clinical studies in patients with advanced chondrosarcomas. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and molecular targets and recent clinical studies on the treatment of chondrosarcomas.
Highlights
Chondrosarcoma, the second most common primary bone sarcoma, characterized by the production of the cartilaginous matrix, accounts for approximately 30% of malignant bone tumors [1]
SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 were associated with an increased histological grade, and that a high expression of SUMO2/3 correlated with poor overall survival (OS)
The Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E1 inhibitor ML792 reduced the cell proliferation and viability of chondrosarcoma cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that SUMO may be a potential therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma
Summary
Chondrosarcoma, the second most common primary bone sarcoma, characterized by the production of the cartilaginous matrix, accounts for approximately 30% of malignant bone tumors [1]. Non-conventional chondrosarcomas include clear cell, periosteal, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. The 5-year survival rates of patients with low-grade, high-grade, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are reported to be 83%, 53%, and 7–24%, respectively [3,4]. Most chondrosarcomas are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, unlike mesenchymal and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas that are sensitive to these treatments [5,6,7,8]. There are limited treatment options for patients with metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcomas. Recent basic and clinical studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of new treatment modalities for advanced chondrosarcomas. This review discusses recent studies on gene mutations, biomarkers, anticancer agents, immunotherapy, and other promising treatments for chondrosarcomas
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