Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiological tool which non-invasively gives access to the brain in the intact human. However, the explorative TMS studies in epilepsy are reviewed extensively by our group and is the aim of this chapter. The present chapter will mainly focus on the safety issue and on the therapeutical aspects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in epilepsy. Regarding epilepsy patients, at least two questions have arisen from this evidence: The safety of rTMS was addressed by several other studies; and recommendations from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, 1997, have been provided. The following paragraphs will mainly focus on the evidence regarding epilepsy. From our studies it may be concluded that low frequency repetitive rTMS probably temporarily improves intractable epilepsy. However, animal and tissue studies, could address the reasons for regional changes in neurotransmitter/neuromodulator release, trans-synaptic efficiency, signaling pathways and gene transcription.
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