Abstract
Medicinal plants host numerous therapeutic low molecular weight phytochemicals and macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins. Lectins are glycan binding proteins ubiquitous in the cell and the extracellular surface of all living organisms. Plant parts contain lectins with diverse glycan binding specificities. This review highlights the occurrence of lectins in herbal remedies, their persistence, and bioactivity. Lectins’ roles in plants include signaling, defense, and stress responses. The species, plant part, biotic and abiotic factors influence the type and concentration of lectins. Many lectins withstand herbal portions preparation procedures, resist degradation in the alimentary canal and crossover to the circulatory system. Exogenous plant lectins bind glycans with high specificity eliciting cellular responses that include antimicrobial, antitumor and immunomodulation effects. Some lectins are deleterious to normal physiology.
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