Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, in response to injury and stress, is central to a broad constellation of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis decreases myocardial wall compliance due to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic function and causing arrhythmogenesis. Although some conventional drugs, such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, have been shown to alleviate cardiac fibrosis in clinical trials, these traditional therapies do not tend to target all the fibrosis-associated mechanisms, and do not hamper the progression of cardiac fibrosis in patients with heart failure. Polyphenols are present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages and had been proposed as attenuators of cardiac fibrosis in different models of cardiovascular diseases. Together with results found in the literature, we can show that some polyphenols exert anti-fibrotic and myocardial protective effects by mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic molecular signals. This review considers an overview of the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, illustrates their involvement in different animal models of cardiac fibrosis treated with some polyphenols and projects the future direction and therapeutic potential of polyphenols on cardiac fibrosis.
Highlights
Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic, dilated, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Recent studies demonstrated that NADPH oxidase (NOX), a family of enzymes implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in myocardial fibrosis and heart failure progression (Heymans et al, 2015)
Each of these mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylates numerous transcription factors mediate the expression of α-SMA, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and other target genes implicated in cardiac fibrosis
Summary
Ning Zhang 1,2,3, Wen-Ying Wei 1,2.3, Ling-Li Li 1,2,3, Can Hu 1,2,3 and Qi-Zhu Tang * 1,2,3. In response to injury and stress, is central to a broad constellation of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis decreases myocardial wall compliance due to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic function and causing arrhythmogenesis. Polyphenols are present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages and had been proposed as attenuators of cardiac fibrosis in different models of cardiovascular diseases. Together with results found in the literature, we can show that some polyphenols exert anti-fibrotic and myocardial protective effects by mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic molecular signals. This review considers an overview of the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, illustrates their involvement in different animal models of cardiac fibrosis treated with some polyphenols and projects the future direction and therapeutic potential of polyphenols on cardiac fibrosis
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