Abstract
Natural products derived from plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been extensively studied in recent years for their therapeutic potential in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s (AD), Huntington’s (HD), and Parkinson’s (PD) disease. These diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function. There has been little progress in designing efficient treatments, despite impressive breakthroughs in our understanding of NDs. In the prevention and therapy of NDs, the use of natural products may provide great potential opportunities; however, many clinical issues have emerged regarding their use, primarily based on the lack of scientific support or proof of their effectiveness and patient safety. Since neurodegeneration is associated with a myriad of pathological processes, targeting multi-mechanisms of action and neuroprotection approaches that include preventing cell death and restoring the function of damaged neurons should be employed. In the treatment of NDs, including AD and PD, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents. This current review will highlight the therapeutic potential of numerous natural products and their bioactive compounds thatexert neuroprotective effects on the pathologies of NDs.
Highlights
A variety of chronic progressive central nervous system disorders triggered by deterioration and eventual loss of neurons are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) [1]
These findings showed that Spirulina maxima extract improved cognitive impairment by inhibiting Aβ accumulation [135]
Concluding Remarks Therapeutic potential for natural products and natural bioactive compounds to be neuroprotective has been supported by various research studies
Summary
A variety of chronic progressive central nervous system disorders triggered by deterioration and eventual loss of neurons are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) [1]. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, dysfunction in mitochondria, dysfunctional protein misfolding and agglomeration, and other biological processes have been linked to neurodegeneration [4,7,8] These biological pathways have been implicated in the development of NDs and their pathogenesis. Oxidative stress aggravates amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation and aggregation and promotes tau protein phosphorylation that can cause a vicious pathogenic cycle for AD [32,33] Neuroinflammatory pathways include both the innate and the adaptive immune systems of the central nervous system in connection with neurodegeneration. Microglia cause morphological changes in response to pathological changes in the nervous system, and activated microglia secrete a variety of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic molecules These inflammatory mediators allow astrocytes to Molecules 2021, 26, x FOR PEER REVIEW. In taxifolin-treated cerebral amyloid angiopathy mice, higher blood Aβ levels have been detected, suggesting that Aβ clearance from the brain to bloodwas made easier [68]
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