Abstract
The interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is crucial on immunity or tolerance induction. In an immature or semi-mature state, DCs induce tolerance through T-cell deletion, generation of regulatory T cells, and/or induction of T-cell anergy. Anergy is defined as an unresponsive state that retains T cells in an “off” mode under conditions in which immune activation is undesirable. This mechanism is crucial for the control of T-cell responses against self-antigens, thereby preventing autoimmunity. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs), generated in vitro from peripheral blood monocytes of healthy donors or patients with autoimmune pathologies, were shown to modulate immune responses by inducing T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Animal models of autoimmune diseases confirmed the impact of T-cell anergy on disease development and progression in vivo. Thus, the induction of T-cell hyporesponsiveness by tDCs has become a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. Here, we review recent findings in the area and discuss the potential of anergy induction for clinical purposes.
Highlights
Effective peripheral tolerance mechanisms are required to eliminate circulating autoreactive T cells and thereby prevent undesired immune responses against self-antigens
T-cell anergy and Tregs induction are crucial mechanisms for the reestablishment of tolerance [9, 10, 65, 66], and presenting different phenotypic and functional characteristics (Table 1), both mechanisms have in common the expression regulation of some genes, such as Pd-1 [67, 68], Icos [55], Lag3 [55], Ctla-4 [55, 67], Egr2 [55, 67], Grail [49, 56], Cbl-b [57], and Itch [57]
In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the same investigators showed that semi-mature BMDCs modulated with dexamethasone, vitamin D3, and LPS, and pulsed with the arthritogenic antigen collagen type II (CII), migrated to the inflamed articulation and reduced progression of arthritis [75]
Summary
The interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is crucial on immunity or tolerance induction. In an immature or semi-mature state, DCs induce tolerance through T-cell deletion, generation of regulatory T cells, and/or induction of T-cell anergy. Anergy is defined as an unresponsive state that retains T cells in an “off” mode under conditions in which immune activation is undesirable. This mechanism is crucial for the control of T-cell responses against self-antigens, thereby preventing autoimmunity. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs), generated in vitro from peripheral blood monocytes of healthy donors or patients with autoimmune pathologies, were shown to modulate immune responses by inducing T-cell hyporesponsiveness.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
