Abstract
Natural stilbenes have gained significant attention in the scientific community owing to their potential anticancer effects against prostate cancer. We recently reported that Gnetin C, a resveratrol (Res) dimer, demonstrated more potent inhibition of metastasis-associated protein 1/v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (MTA1/ETS2) axis in prostate cancer cell lines than other stilbenes. In this study, we investigated in vivo antitumor effects of Gnetin C in two doses (50 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) using PC3M-Luc subcutaneous xenografts and compared these to Res and pterostilbene (Pter). We found that while vehicle-treated mice revealed rapid tumor progression, compounds-treated mice showed noticeable delay in tumor growth. Gnetin C in 50 mg/kg dose demonstrated the most potent tumor inhibitory effects. Gnetin C in 25 mg/kg dose exhibited tumor inhibitory effects comparable with Pter in 50 mg/kg dose. Consistent with the effective antitumor effects, Gnetin C-treated tumors showed reduced mitotic activity and angiogenesis and a significant increase in apoptosis compared to all the other groups. The data suggest that Gnetin C is more potent in slowing tumor progression in prostate cancer xenografts than Res or Pter. Taken together, we demonstrated, for the first time, that Gnetin C is a lead compound among stilbenes for effectively blocking prostate cancer progression in vivo.
Highlights
A Pre-Clinical StudyKetaki Gadkari 1,† , Urvi Kolhatkar 1,† , Rutu Hemani 1 , Gisella Campanelli 1 , Qing Cai 1 , Avinash Kumar 1 and Anait S
Epidemiological studies indicate a link between diet and incidence and mortality of certain types of cancer including prostate cancer [1,2]
We recently reported that Gnetin C acts through metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1)/ETS2-mediated mechanisms in prostate cancer and shows significant MTA1-mediated inhibitory effects on cell viability, colony formation, and migration while inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death [28]
Summary
Ketaki Gadkari 1,† , Urvi Kolhatkar 1,† , Rutu Hemani 1 , Gisella Campanelli 1 , Qing Cai 1 , Avinash Kumar 1 and Anait S.
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