Therapeutic potential of Ceratonia siliqua extract for the management of asthma and hypertension.

Irfan Hamid,Rabia Iqbal,Bushra Akhtar,Kashif Sohail,Ammara Saleem,Ali Sharif,Sajid Ali,Zeeshan Javaid,Khalid Hussain Janbaz,Muhammad Furqan Akhtar

doi:10.14715/cmb/2021.67.5.2

Abstract

The current work was performed to explore the pharmacological mechanisms involved in the management of asthma and hypertension along with the safety profile of the Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua/Carob) pods. The bronchorelaxant, vasorelaxant, and cardioselective activities of C. siliqua pods were investigated using isolated rabbit tracheal, aortic, and paired atrial fragments on the Power lab data acquisition system. Normotensive rats were used to study antihypertensive activity. The plant extract and its fractions relaxed the carbachol-induced contraction in the tracheal fragments and shifted the concentration-response curve of carbachol towards the right confirming the muscarinic receptor antagonist activity. The relaxation of phenylephrine-induced contraction in an aortic fragment by the extract showed α- adrenergic blocking activity. Furthermore, the extract produced a cardio-selective response in the paired atria and decreased the blood pressure in anesthetized normotensive rats. The plant extract proved to be non-toxic in oral acute and chronic toxicity studies and did not demonstrate any sign of histopathological lesions. These results suggested that the plant extract was non-toxic and could be used in the management of lifetime therapies of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders without any unwanted effects.

Highlights

Introduction respiratory tractMost microbiological knowledge ofThe function of the respiratory system is normally the respiratory tract relates to bacteria, the mediated through the contraction and relaxation of pathogenic effects of the viruses including respiratory respiratory smooth muscles
The smooth muscles of syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and rhinovirus, the airway are regulated by the multiple control have widely been studied
The production of an excessive obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) [2]. amount of mucus may be problematic as it can lead to Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, choking, edema, bronchoconstriction, and impairment along with their microbiome exist throughout the of muco-ciliary activities of the respiratory tract [4]

Summary

Introduction

The function of the respiratory system is normally the respiratory tract relates to bacteria, the mediated through the contraction and relaxation of pathogenic effects of the viruses including respiratory respiratory smooth muscles. (i) mediators that alter airway tone by are identifying many new viruses in the respiratory dilator and constrictor action (ii) secretory glands and tract with unknown effects, including a novel neuronal system (iii) reflexes by parasympathetic polyomavirus and novel coronavirus (Covid-19) [3]. The disturbance in the respiratory functions leads to pronounced hypertrophic and hyperplasic responses in multiple chronic respiratory disorders including bronchial smooth muscles as well as the mucuscough, shortness of breath, asthma, and chronic secreting glands. The production of an excessive obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) [2]. amount of mucus may be problematic as it can lead to Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, choking, edema, bronchoconstriction, and impairment along with their microbiome exist throughout the of muco-ciliary activities of the respiratory tract [4].

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