Abstract
Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
This review evaluated the effect of treatment with different doses of species from the Campomanesia genus, belonging to the family Myrtaceae
These studies have demonstrated that this plant displays effects on health, such as antiulcerogenic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities in animal models, human clinical trials, and in in vitro assays
C. xanthocarpa was extensively evaluated in comparison to the other Campomanesia species
Summary
Obesity is a condition that involves a set of metabolic disorders and is characterized by an energy unbalance in which there is a high energetic uptake with lower energetic expenditure. There are decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, another adipokine with an important role in glucose management, vasculo-protective effects, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic properties [5,6,7,8] In this way, this pro-inflammatory profile on obesity-induced metabolic syndrome is a key factor in the stages of atherosclerosis, such as in the progression and destabilization that precedes myocardial infarction, and in the induction of a hypercoagulable state leading to an increase in fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor, which inhibits fibrinolysis [2]. Despite the fact that research on medicinal plants0 therapeutic potential on obesity-induced metabolic syndrome has increased substantially, specific medicinal plants in different biomes are important to study due to the fact that there is an immense potential of natural products that are still unknown that potentially have novel therapeutic approaches in several metabolic diseases
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