Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) unsuccessful regeneration was due to glial scar development. It was a major obstacle to axonal restoration. Safe therapeutic intervention by the use of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMMSCs) transplantation applied in the present study could reduce spinal disability. Material and methods: Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: GI: negative control (n = 10 rats); GII: positive control after SCI (n = 10 rats); GIII: SCI + BM － MSCs intravenous injected and GIV: SCI + BM － MSCs intra lesion injected (n = 10 rats in each group). The samples were taken from spinal cord tissues around the region of injury and were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical assessment. RNA extraction and real time PCR for detection of nerve regeneration and astrocyte response to the injury were also performed. Results: Clinical improvement occurred by the enhancement in the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score after SCI. Histological examinations showed positive regenerative responses in GIV compared to GIII. Conclusion: BM-MSCs transplantation has a promising role in enhancing the microenvironment for nerve regeneration through stumbling the glial scaring formation and inflammatory response after chronic spinal cord injury especially by using intra-lesion route injection.
Highlights
In the last couple of years, spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most devastating ailment afflicting males
GII showed highly significant immunoreactivity as compared to GI and all other groups; the immunoreactive astrocytes were detected mainly in all spinal tissues closely related to site of the lesion The dense packing of intensely glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astroglial processes between the spaces made it extremely difficult to comment on changes in astrocytic cell body density (Figure 9(a), Figure 9(b))
Comparing both GIII intravenous and GIV intra lesion treated groups to the untreated group, Anti-GFAP stained spinal cord sections showed moderate reactivity which was restricted to the place of lesion as going further away from the lesion site, no significant astrocytic reaction could be detected
Summary
In the last couple of years, spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most devastating ailment afflicting males. It has a deep impact on the social and economic prospects of the individual and the whole community. There is no established therapeutic intervention capable of restoring significant neurological functions after SCI [3]. Spinal cord injury (SCI) unsuccessful regeneration was due to glial scar development. Safe therapeutic intervention by the use of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMMSCs) transplantation applied in the present study could reduce spinal disability. Conclusion: BM-MSCs transplantation has a promising role in enhancing the microenvironment for nerve regeneration through stumbling the glial scaring formation and inflammatory response after chronic spinal cord injury especially by using intra-lesion route injection
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