Abstract
Garlic has been used for a long time in human history. Allicin, the main active compound present in freshly injured garlic, is enzymatically formed from alliin. Allicin has shown doubtless beneficial effects and even be conceived as medicine. The present review highlights allicin-associated studies. Indeed, clinical studies on healthy subjects have evidenced that standardized garlic treatment (900 mg/day) significantly reduces total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL). Besides, allicin also led to a marked improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation, and oral health-related quality of life on stage II oral submucous fibrosis patients. Interestingly, in children, allicin also has been proposed for thrush prevention and as an alternative antibiotic therapy. Nonetheless, there is particular attention to allicin bioavailability, given its high instability. Although clinical evidence has promoted allicin release from garlic powder tablets under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, garlic tablets are those that have provided less alliinase protection due to its fast disintegration, releasing low allicin amounts.
Highlights
Plants have been used since the beginning of human civilization [1,2]
There are several randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing the anti-atherosclerotic activity of allicin-containing products (Table 1), such as garlic powder tablets, the anti-atherosclerotic activity of allicin-containing products (Table 1), such as garlic powder tablets, capsules containing AGE and even the Allicor garlic-based drug
A standardized garlic powder (900 mg/day) resulted in a greater reduction in serum total cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) [30], and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels [42], and it has even been proposed that garlic (3 g of raw garlic daily) has a role in cholesterol management as an adjunctive therapy in most cases of hypercholesterolemia, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events [39]
Summary
Plants have been used since the beginning of human civilization [1,2]. Some of them are able to provide remarkable biological effects [3,4,5,6,7,8] to treat several illnesses, such as psychiatric (anxiety and depression) [9] and cardiovascular disorders (acting as a vasorelaxant, and exerting direct positive effects on cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia) [10], cancer [11,12,13], and even conferring a pronounced antimicrobial activity [14]. Two allyl sulfenic acid molecules highly reactive compound at room temperature. Based activity) and andcardioprotective cardioprotective (decreasing angiogenesis inducing vasorelaxation) on these biological effects, garlic hasgarlic been increasingly exploited toward an alternative. Based onremarkable these remarkable biological effects, has been increasingly exploited toward an treatment for many diseases [10,15,16]. Clinical evidence has increased to validate as a promising drug for effective and safer therapeutic applications [19,21]. This paper aims to provide this compound as a promising drug for effective and safer therapeutic applications [19,21]. Aims to provide the scientific evidence on allicin-rich garlic preparations’ pharmacological effects
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