Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–300 nm vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells. They can carry cargo (including miRNA) from the donor cell to the recipient cell. miRNAs in EVs can change the translational profile of the recipient cell and modulate cellular morphology. This endogenous mechanism has attracted the attention of the drug-delivery community in the last few years. EVs can be enriched with exogenous therapeutic miRNAs and used for treatment of diseases by targeting pathological recipient cells. However, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed before introducing therapeutic miRNA-enriched EVs in clinics. Here, we focused on the progress in the field of therapeutic miRNA enriched EVs, highlighted important areas where research is needed, and discussed the potential to use them as therapeutic miRNA carriers in the future.
Highlights
The past few decades have seen enormous research in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs).Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by cells are divided into broad categories of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies
Since it is well established that enhancing concentration of miRNA in cytosol may increase their passive loading in EVs, it is possible to transfect miRNA of choice into cells to design EV-therapy
Luo et al has developed an in-vitro model of myocardial infarction and treated the cell lines with miR-126 enriched exosomes obtained from Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) over-expressing miR126 [49]
Summary
The past few decades have seen enormous research in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Have been developed [4] Engineering these EVs to load specific therapeutic miRNAs has published a review covering all non-coding/coding RNAs in EVs A number of investigational studies have focused on the endogenous mechanisms of miRNA loading/sorting in EVs, to pave the way of engineering miRNA-based EV carriers for alleviating diseases using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The factors responsible for determining the choice of active or passive loading have just begun to be studied Uncovering this can provide important information to develop an improved protocol for engineering miRNA-enriched EV therapies in the future. The current gaps and challenges will be discussed in terms of potential clinical outcomes for therapeutic interventions in the future
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