Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important tool in veterinary regenerative medicine due to their ability to home to injury sites and secrete molecules that regulate niches into regenerative microenvironments. Successful cell therapy depends on many factors, including choice of administration route and application of understanding of cell potency and their therapeutic mechanisms. In this point of view, the authors leverage the tumultuous history of the field to demonstrate the need for clinicians to continually update themselves as new discoveries are made in order to avoid misalignments in the future, especially regarding administration routes and dose frequency, as well as to explore recent insights into MSC plasticity, therapeutic mechanisms, and cell delivery systems.
Highlights
30 years ago, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first defined as cells that could be isolated from adult tissue, grow in vitro, and differentiate into mesodermal lineages (Caplan, 1991)
The beliefs that MSCs could only be found in select adult tissues and only differentiate into mesodermal lineages persisted for approximately another decade until the isolation of a novel adult stem cell population, from adipose tissue, was reported (Zuk et al, 2002)
The cells isolated from adipose tissue were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages, which are mesodermal germ layer lineages, and into neurogenic cells, which are part of the ectodermal germ layer (Zuk et al, 2002)
Summary
Point of ViewApproximately 30 years ago, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first defined as cells that could be isolated from adult tissue, grow in vitro, and differentiate into mesodermal lineages (Caplan, 1991). 30 years ago, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first defined as cells that could be isolated from adult tissue, grow in vitro, and differentiate into mesodermal lineages (Caplan, 1991).
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