Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality as a result of this new infection, the treatments pursued in therapy must have an increased potential to inhibit the replication of this virus.
 OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this article was to describe the most current drug therapies and their mechanisms of action used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this article, we have collected the latest information and multilingual international scientific discoveries about the treatment of COVID-19.
 RESULTS: Several compounds can be used to treat COVID-19 in order to reduce the duration of the disease and the rate of infection, to reduce the viral load, to prevent tissue damage, to stimulate the maturation of many cells, including immune cells in the human body and to reduce its severe symptoms. The most effective treatments were based on the antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics drugs, glycopeptide antibiotics, anticoagulants, vitamin C and vitamin D. The simplest and most direct approach to controlling SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks is the use of passive antibodies transferred from plasma to convalescent patients. Recently, studies have been completed for several vaccines that are approved against SARS-CoV-2.
 CONCLUSION: Scientists around the world are collaborating and innovating to make tests, treatments and vaccines available to the public that will save lives collectively and end this pandemic.
Highlights
Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality as a result of this new infection, the treatments pursued in therapy must have an increased potential to inhibit the replication of this virus
Prior to the current pandemic, two high-lethal epidemics caused by human coronaviruses were reported - namely severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV-1, in 2002, with a mortality of about 9%) and respiratory syndrome in the Middle East (MERS, caused by MERS-CoV, in 2012, with a higher mortality of about 40%) (Flanagan et al, 2020)
Following a comparative study between two groups of 15 patients each infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and hospitalized without comorbidities who received treatment with umifenovir or an antiviral control drug, respectively, the results showed beneficial effects of using umifenovir
Summary
Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality as a result of this new infection, the treatments pursued in therapy must have an increased potential to inhibit the replication of this virus. Coronaviruses infect birds and mammals, causing a range of symptoms, from respiratory diseases to gastrointestinal diseases. Some relatively common seasonal coronaviruses infect humans, causing mild respiratory conditions such as the common cold (Flanagan et al, 2020). Prior to the current pandemic, two high-lethal epidemics caused by human coronaviruses were reported - namely severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV-1, in 2002, with a mortality of about 9%) and respiratory syndrome in the Middle East (MERS, caused by MERS-CoV, in 2012, with a higher mortality of about 40%) (Flanagan et al, 2020). On 12 March 2021, more than 118.5 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported worldwide, of which more than 2.6 million resulted in deaths. A series of clinical trials are underway, the most important being organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (Marineci et al, 2021)
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