Therapeutic Impact of Costus (Saussurea lappa) Against Ehrlich Solid Tumor-Induced Cardiac Toxicity and DNA Damage in Female Mice.

Rehab M. Elgharabawy,Ehab Tousson,Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed,Nada Abd-Allah Rezk

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.708785

Rehab M. Elgharabawy, Ehab Tousson + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.708785

Copy DOI

Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) is a transplantable tumor model for simulating breast cancer. This study aims to describe the protective role of costus (Saussurea lappa) root against EST-induced cardiac toxicity. Forty female mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, control group; G2, costus group; G3, EST group; G4, EST + costus). The results showed that compared to the control, EST induced a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities; in potassium, chloride ion, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels; in DNA damage and cardiac injury; and in p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Conversely, EST induced a significant decrease in sodium ion and high density lipoprotein levels and Ki67 expression compared to the control. Treatment of EST with costus improved cardiac toxicity, lipid profiles, electrolytes, and apoptosis, and protected against EST. This indicates the potential benefits of costus as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of cardiac toxicity.

Highlights

Cardiac dysfunction is a sign of multi-factorial diseases, such as cancer and heart failure (Alotaibi et al, 2020; Alotaibi et al, 2021)
Recent studies have suggested that various anti-cancer agents act by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells (Abd Eldaim et al, 2021)
Significant increases were detected in CPK, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK)-Mb, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) group

Summary

Introduction

Cardiac dysfunction is a sign of multi-factorial diseases, such as cancer and heart failure (Alotaibi et al, 2020; Alotaibi et al, 2021). Over 100 different types of cancer exist, each categorized by the type of cell initially affected. The second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease is cancer (Jemal et al, 2007). New cases of cancer are estimated to jump from 11.3 million in 2007 to 15.5 million in 2030, influenced in part by an increasing and aging global population (Wang et al, 2018; Ferlay et al, 2019). Breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, regardless of the emergence and evolution of new therapeutic approaches (Mutar et al, 2020). Recent studies have suggested that various anti-cancer agents act by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells (Abd Eldaim et al, 2021)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion