Abstract
Simple SummaryGC1118 is a novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody with a distinct mode of epitope binding. Its therapeutic efficacy has been validated in preclinical studies of several cancers. We evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of GC1118 against glioblastoma (GBM) using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). GC1118 exhibited anti-tumor efficacy comparable to that of cetuximab in a subset of PDXs, and EGFR amplification was a potential biomarker for predicting its therapeutic efficacy. Growth inhibitory and direct apoptotic effects on GBM tumor cells were confirmed in in vitro analyses. In intracranial PDXs, GC1118 significantly improved survival outcome, indicating its potential to cross the blood–brain barrier. These results support the clinical potential of GC1118 in treating GBM, further prompting the requirement of a clinical trial.We aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of GC1118, a novel anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb), against glioblastoma (GBM) tumors using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. A total of 15 distinct GBM PDX models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GC1118. Genomic data derived from PDX models were analyzed to identify potential biomarkers associated with the anti-tumor efficacy of GC1118. A patient-derived cell-based high-throughput drug screening assay was performed to further validate the efficacy of GC1118. Compared to cetuximab, GC1118 exerted comparable growth inhibitory effects on the GBM tumors in the PDX models. We confirmed that GC1118 accumulated within the tumor by crossing the blood–brain barrier in in vivo specimens and observed the survival benefit in GC1118-treated intracranial models. Genomic analysis revealed high EGFR amplification as a potent biomarker for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of GC1118 in GBM tumors. In summary, GC1118 exerted a potent anti-tumor effect on GBM tumors in PDX models, and its therapeutic efficacy was especially pronounced in the tumors with high EGFR amplification. Our study supports the importance of patient stratification based on EGFR copy number variation in clinical trials for GBM. The superiority of GC1118 over other EGFR mAbs in GBM tumors should be assessed in future studies.
Highlights
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a major oncogenic driver in glioblastoma (GBM) [1].Up to 60% of GBM tumors harbor EGFR alterations, including amplifications and mutations [1,2].Given its frequency and specific expression confined to tumors, EGFR has been considered as a notable therapeutic target for GBM tumors.EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown successful clinical outcomes in various solid cancers harboring EGFR mutations, especially lung cancer
We aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of GC1118 for GBM tumors using patient-derived xenograft (PDX)
We evaluated whether GC1118 could cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to exert anti-tumor effects in GBM tumors of intracranial xenograft models
Summary
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a major oncogenic driver in glioblastoma (GBM) [1].Up to 60% of GBM tumors harbor EGFR alterations, including amplifications and mutations [1,2].Given its frequency and specific expression confined to tumors, EGFR has been considered as a notable therapeutic target for GBM tumors.EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown successful clinical outcomes in various solid cancers harboring EGFR mutations, especially lung cancer. Up to 60% of GBM tumors harbor EGFR alterations, including amplifications and mutations [1,2]. Given its frequency and specific expression confined to tumors, EGFR has been considered as a notable therapeutic target for GBM tumors. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown successful clinical outcomes in various solid cancers harboring EGFR mutations, especially lung cancer. Treatment with a third generation EGFR TKI, Osimertinib, remarkably improved the outcomes of patients with refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring resistance mutations (T790M) [3]. Despite the success in patients with lung cancer, GBM has not benefitted from the use of EGFR TKIs [4,5,6]. There are many possible explanations for treatment failure, and the distinct genomic landscape of EGFR-mutated GBM tumors is one of them
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