Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Bailing capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis and network pharmacology

Abstract

Context Bailing capsule, derived from Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Clavicipitaceae), has shown potential in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent respiratory disorder. Objective This study elucidates the efficacy and mechanism of action of the use of Bailing capsules in the treatment of COPD using meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Materials and methods A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. The treatment group received Bailing capsules alongside standard therapy, while the control group received standard therapy or in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines. Efficacy outcomes included lung function, exercise tolerance, acute exacerbation risk, and quality of life. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key targets of Bailing capsules. Results The meta-analysis of 27 RCTs showed significant improvements in the treatment group for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Additionally, there was a marked reduction in acute COPD attacks and an improvement in quality of life. Meanwhile, network pharmacological analysis identified SRC, HIF1A, NFKB1, HDAC2, and PRKACA, as the potential core targets for Bailing capsules in the treatment of COPD. Discussion and conclusion Bailing capsules have shown promising results in the treatment of stable COPD. Future studies should focus on large-scale, multicenter RCTs to confirm the long-term benefits and safety of Bailing capsules.