Therapeutic Effects of Puerarin Against Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Through Antiapoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions.

Abstract

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of puerarin (PR) on a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). The neuroprotective effects of PR on rAION were evaluated using flash visual-evoked potentials (FVEP), retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), TUNEL assay of the retina, optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of optic nerve width, and ED1 staining of the optic nerve (ON). The inflammatory response of ON and Akt signaling pathways were analyzed through Western blot. M2 polarization was determined by immunostaining and immunoblotting in ONs. In FVEP analysis, the amplitude of P1-N2 and the RGC density in the PR-treated group were 2.3- and 1.6-fold higher than those in the PBS-treated group, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic RGC in the PR-treated group was 2.8-fold lower than that in the PBS-treated group. OCT images demonstrated that PR treatment-reduced ON edema in the acute phase compared to PBS treatment (P < 0.05). Macrophage infiltration was reduced by 5.2-fold by PR treatment compared with the PBS treatment (P < 0.05). PR treatment inhibited the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α, induced the levels of IL-10, Arg1, and Fizz1 in the rAION model. The levels of p-Akt1 and C/EBPβ in the PR-treated group increased by 3.4-fold and 5.89-fold compared with those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). Inhibition of Akt activation reduced the number of M2 macrophage in the PR-treated group (P < 0.05). PR treatment provided the neuroprotective effects in the rAION model, which may lead to new clinical applications.