Abstract
Anthocyanin (AC) is widely used as supplement of eye health in Europe and in East Asia. In this review, I describe AC effects to clarify the mechanism is important in order to understand the effects of AC on vision health. The bioavailability of AC is quite low but, reported as intact form and many kinds of metabolite. And AC passes through the blood-aqueous fluid barrier and blood-retinal barrier. In vitro study, AC had a relaxing effect on ciliary muscle which is important to treat both myopia and glaucoma. And AC stimulate the regeneration of rhodopsin in frog rod outer segment. Furthermore, AC could inhibit the axial length and ocular length elongation in a negative lens-induced chick myopia model. In addition, we summarized clinical studies of AC intake improved dark adaptation and transient myopic shift and the improvement on retinal blood circulation in normal tension glaucoma patients.
Highlights
During the last decade the rapid growth of smartphone, computer and video display terminal (VDT) use in the office and private place has led to an increase in ocular problems including eye discomfort, blurred vision, eye strain, eye pain and visual fatigue [1,2]
We reported that cyanidin glycosides stimulate the regeneration glaucoma and pseudo myopia [11]
blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) was delivered in powders packed into capsules that were the same color that used for placebo, which contained the same amount of sucrose
Summary
During the last decade the rapid growth of smartphone, computer and video display terminal (VDT) use in the office and private place has led to an increase in ocular problems including eye discomfort, blurred vision, eye strain, eye pain and visual fatigue [1,2]. 2019, 24, focused on the polyphenol’s effects on vision health [7] including in vitro researches demonstrating that ACs and other flavonoids interact with rhodopsin to modulate visual transductional function, the relationship between the mechanism of action and clinical thebenefits relationship between mechanism of action and clinical benefits these agents remains unclear. The calculated metabolites such as cyanidin glucuronate conjugate, cyanidin sulfate conjugate, protocatechuic acid, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, ferulic acid caffeic acid and hippuric acid; the main AC metabolites are hippuric acid and carbon dioxide The action of these AC decomposition products and metabolites should be considered in the context of mechanistic effects, since these substances are produced from ACs, and from other polyphenols.
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