Abstract
The traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) RuXian-I is an empirical formula specifically used for treating the hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) in clinic based on the principles of traditional Mongolian medicine, but the treatment mechanism is not completely clear. In this paper, we elaborated the mechanism of RuXian-I in the treatment of HMG induced by estrogen and progestogen from its toxicity and activity. Firstly, RuXian-I exhibited no toxic effect on HMG rats through no changes of body weight and food intake measurement and no pathologic changes of the organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) detected. Secondly, RuXian-I could decrease the increased nipple height and diameter and remarkably relieve the pathologic changes of HMG rats and also alleviate serum sex hormone levels (estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T)) of HMG rats. Finally, RuXian-I could obviously inhibit the upregulation level of antiapoptotic protein CRYAB of HMG rats and promote mammary gland cell apoptosis of HMG rats via increases of promoting apoptosis protein caspases-3, 8, and 9 and Bax and tumor suppressor protein p53, decreases of antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2, and release of cytochrome c. These results suggested that RuXian-I has protective and therapeutic effects on HMG rats induced by estrogen and progestogen possibly via promoting apoptotic pathway regulated by CRYAB and is a promising agent for treating HMG.
Highlights
Hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) is the most common breast disease in middle-aged women worldwide [1]
RuXian-I Had No Toxic Effect on HMG Rats. e rat body weight and food intake during the administration were measured, and histopathology was performed for toxicity assessment in the control group, HMG group, and all groups treated by RuXian-I. e body weight in the HMG group during treatment decreased remarkably by estrogen and progestogen induction (Figure 1(a)). e average body weight in RuXian-I groups showed a small but no significant dependent changes with increased dose of RuXian-I treatment, and at the third and fourth weeks of treatment, that in the high-dosage group (3.0 g·kg−1) was close to the control group. ere was no significant difference in the average food intake of control model, HMG group, and all groups treated by RuXian-I during treatment (Figure 1(b))
H&E staining showed there was no significant difference in the five main organs, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, of control rats, HMG rats, and RuXian-I-treated (3.0 g·kg−1) rats (Figure 1(c)). e above results indicated that RuXian-I has no toxic effect on HMG rats
Summary
Hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) is the most common breast disease in middle-aged women worldwide [1]. The number of patients with the noncancerous benign diseases is increasing, and the morbidity is enhancing quickly, with a much higher risk of causing mammary carcinoma [3]. They are neglected because much more attentions have been paid to malignant lesions of the breast, breast cancer, for instance [4]. Growing attention to treat both breast cancer and HMG has been paid to chemical agents, including estrogen therapy [5], and surgical excision [6]. Surgical treatment of patients is generally difficult to be accepted, while chemical agents always bring many side effects and complications and high
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