Abstract
Recent studies have described beneficial effects of an infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly tissue, for the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF). However, data on the therapeutic potential of culture-expanded MSCs are lacking. We examined the therapeutic potential of passage five (P5) and ten (P10) human umbilical cord- (hUC-) MSCs via their transplantation into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and LPS-induced acute liver failure (ALF). SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, P5 hUC-MSCs group, and P10 hUC-MSCs group. After transplantation, P5 hUC-MSCs provided a significant survival benefit. The analysis of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels showed that transplantation with P5 hUC-MSCs was more effective than treatment with P10 hUC-MSCs. P5 hUC-MSCs also successfully downregulated the hepatic activity index (HAI) scores. Compared to P10 hUC-MSCs in vivo, P5 hUC-MSCs significantly enhanced the regeneration and inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes. CM-Dil-labeled hUC-MSCs were found to engraft within the recipient liver, whereas the homing of cells to the recipient liver in the P10 hUC-MSCs group was less effective compared to the P5 hUC-MSCs group. Previous studies have shown that the concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the injured liver was significantly increased. HGF is commonly known as the ligand of c-Met. The level of c-Met in hUC-MSCs as detected by Western blotting indicated that at a higher passage number, there is a decrease in c-Met. These data suggest that direct transplantation of P5 hUC-MSCs can more efficiently home to an injured liver. Subsequently, the P5 hUC-MSCs can rescue ALF and repopulate the livers of rats through the stimulation of endogenous liver regeneration and inhibition of hepatocellular apoptosis for compensated liver function, which is dependent on the higher level of c-Met than P10 hUC-MSCs.
Highlights
Liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and a bleeding tendency due to the impaired liver function
Our primary experiment found that levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the liver significantly increased and peaked at 24 h and 48 h, respectively, post-D-GalN/LPS injection
The serum levels of AST, also dramatically decreased (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBil) were significantly decreased after treatment with P5 human umbilical cord- (hUC-)mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which was superior to P10 hUC-MSC transplantation
Summary
Liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and a bleeding tendency due to the impaired liver function. The syndrome can be caused by a variety of factors such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced liver injuries, metabolic diseases, and circulatory disturbances [1]. The only therapeutic option for liver failure is orthotopic liver transplantation. Reasons for failure to receive transplantation have included lack of available organs, high expense, and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppressive medication. Other treatment strategies include bioartificial livers that are short of liver cells and medical management [2]. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic options.
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