Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinal disorder that afflicts mainly women of childbearing age. The symptoms of PCOS are irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, subfertility and infertility. However, because the etiology is unclear, management and treatment methods for PCOS are not well established. Recently, natural substances have been used for PCOS therapy. Ecklonia cava (E. cava) is a well-known natural substance that attenuates the effects of inflammation, allergies, and cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of E. cava extract in rats with PCOS. When rats with letrozole-induced PCOS were exposed to the E. cava extract, the regular estrus cycle was restored, similar to that in placebo rats. Hormone levels, including the levels of testosterone, estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), were restored to their normal states. Histological analysis revealed that the polycystic ovary symptoms were significantly decreased in the E. cava-treated rats and were comparable to those of normal ovaries. At the transcriptional and translational levels, Ar, and Esr2 levels were markedly increased in the E. cava-treated rats with PCOS compared with the rats with letrozole-induced PCOS. These results suggest that the E. cava extract inhibits the symptoms of PCOS by restoring imbalanced hormonal levels and irregular ovarian cycles in letrozole-induced female rats.
Highlights
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinal disorder that afflicts women of childbearing age
The 5 metabolites were quantified using the liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method, and the measured concentrations are listed in Supplementary Table S1
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder. This disorder is characterized by irregular ovulation, abdominal obesity and hyperandrogenism (Kafali et al, 2004)
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinal disorder that afflicts women of childbearing age. Ecklonia cava Improve PCOS Symptoms androgen levels, and this hyperandrogenism is thought to be genetically acquired and an effect of the environment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (Codner and EscobarMorreale, 2007). Because aromatase catalyzes the ratedetermining step during the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens, decreased activity of this enzyme could be expected to result in hormonal imbalance, circulating hyperandrogenism and intraovarian androgen excess, resulting in polycystic ovaries (Kafali et al, 2004; Caldwell et al, 2014). In addition to high testosterone concentrations, women with PCOS exhibit decreased expression of the estrogen receptor β in the granulosa cell layer of cystic follicles; this effect has been observed in animals treated with letrozole compared to normal animals
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