Abstract
In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.
Highlights
In in vivo and in vitro experimental models, cannabinoids have been utilized in different anti-inflammatory activities and play an important role in diseases related to inflammatory degeneration, the exact mechanism of action still requires more investigations [63] for the signaling pathways of cannabinoids involved in the anti-inflammatory functions
Immune System and The Role of Cannabinoids. Both cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) receptors are expressed in immune cells that are involved in the production of cannabinoids along with transports, release, and catabolic characteristics [21,73]
Infrequent data is available in human models, a clinical trial resulted in the effect of ∆9 -THC being administered in a group of patients (i.e., ~498) along with initial or secondary stage multiple sclerosis
Summary
Glaucoma is included in the list of treatments by those who believed in the medicinal aspects of marijuana [5,6,7,8,9] The chemistry of these substances shows various classes of particular chemicals, such as the close structural similarity of classical cannabinoids to the ∆9 -THC, non-classical categorized cannabinoids, the aryl sulphonamides, the ECs related eicosanoids, the aminoalkylindoles, and the quinoles [10,11]. The effective utility of practical therapeutics against cancer and tumor conditions has been explained in later sections The compilation of this updated information will be useful for medical researchers and professionals, pharmacists, and research scholars for designing and developing effective drug(s) strategies and biomedicines to counter various present-day human diseases and disorders
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
