Abstract
In this paper, the medical treatment of patients with chronic pain of benign origin is briefly reviewed. Modulation of nociceptive pain stimuli can be achieved by decreasing afferent nervous impulses with nerve blocks or by augmenting nervous impulses with the use of electrical stimulation. Psychotropic medications are often used to control affective responses (depression and anxiety) often seen in chronic pain patients. Behavioral techniques such as those described in preceding papers of this series have the potential of advancing our knowledge of chronic pain behavior patterns and clarifying the effects of physical and psychological treatments for chronic pain.
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