Abstract
Co-intake-related interactive-synergistic influence of artemether-lumefantrine, AL and monosodium glutamate, MSG that separately mediated oxidative stress could be significant on the kidney actively involved in xenobiotic detoxification and elimination. Thus, influence of AL on rats’ kidney histomorphology and antioxidant bio-indicators following MSG-challenge was assessed. For 7 days, thirty rats (n = 5) were respectively exposed to vehicle (distilled water), therapeutic AL (TAL), high AL (HAL), MSG, MSG plus TAL or MSG plus HAL. Significant (P<0.05) results comparison showed highest and least (P<0.05) albumin concentration (Mg/dl) in TAL-fed (3.76±0.33) and MSG-fed (1.88±0.70), rats. Total protein concentration (Mg/dl) in MSG-fed (4.04±2.04) and HAL-fed (4.76±1.92), rats lowered markedly. Highest glutathione peroxidase activity (IU/L) in TAL-fed (30.74±12.46) lowered in MSG plus HAL-fed (20.11±6.08) and MSG-fed (20.33±4.85), rats. Catalase activity (IU/L) in control was highest (4.89 ± 0.26) but least (2.58 ± 1.06) in MSG-fed rats. Zinc and Magnesium concentration (Mg/dl) was respectively highest (58.99±5.10) and least (3.48±0.31) in MSG plus HAL-fed but least (18.80±7.77) and highest (4.38±1.67) in MSG-fed, rats. Malondialdehyde concentration (µmol/ml) in MSG plus HAL-fed rats (4.04±0.67) was highest (P<0.05) and least (P<0.05) in HAL-fed rats (1.18±0.11). Differences in superoxide dismutase activity (IU/L) were, however, non-significant (P>0.05).Rats’ kidney photomicrographs (H&E × 400) revealed normal histo-architecture in control but varied degree of fibroplasias (TAL- ,HAL- and MSG plus TAL-fed) and necrosis with infiltrations (MSG plus HAL-and MSG-fed), rats. These demonstrated MSG-related adversity and significant modulation response of TAL, unlike HAL, on the rats’ kidney histology and studied antioxidant response bio-indicators.
Highlights
Co-intake-related interactive-synergistic influence of artemether-lumefantrine, AL and monosodium glutamate, MSG that separately mediated oxidative stress could be significant on the kidney actively involved in xenobiotic detoxification and elimination
Malaria caused by malaria parasites as transmitted by mosquitoes is an environmental issue with a significant public health burden in notably developing countries
Oxidative stress contributed significantly to MSG-related toxic effects and eventual cellular and organ-functional damage in animals (Onyema, et al, 2006) nephrotoxic effects as indicated by reduced renal antioxidant defense system markers, including malondialdehyde concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT(Ortiz, et al, 2006; Paul, et al, 2012).Generally, antioxidant defense mechanisms are mediated by enzymes (SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and non-enzymes
Summary
Co-intake-related interactive-synergistic influence of artemether-lumefantrine, AL and monosodium glutamate, MSG that separately mediated oxidative stress could be significant on the kidney actively involved in xenobiotic detoxification and elimination. Differences in superoxide dismutase activity (IU/L) were, non-significant (P>0.05).Rats’ kidney photomicrographs (H&E × 400) revealed normal histo-architecture in control but varied degree of fibroplasias (TAL,HAL- and MSG plus TAL-fed) and necrosis with infiltrations (MSG plus HAL-and MSG-fed), rats. Oxidative stress contributed significantly to MSG-related toxic effects and eventual cellular and organ-functional damage in animals (Onyema, et al, 2006) nephrotoxic effects as indicated by reduced renal antioxidant defense system markers, including malondialdehyde concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT(Ortiz, et al, 2006; Paul, et al, 2012).Generally, antioxidant defense mechanisms are mediated by enzymes (SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymes Zinc acts as a co-factor for important enzymes, including SOD, that ensure efficient functioning of the antioxidant defense system and as an inducer for the generation of metallothionein - which is very rich in cysteine an excellent scavenger of hydroxyl radical (OH).These warranted this study aimed at determining the changes in kidney histomorphology and some homogenate antioxidant parameters of monosodium glutamate-challenged rats co-treated with artemetherlumefantrine
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