Abstract
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract disorders worldwide, associated with challenges such as refractory morbidity, bleeding, interference with use of anticoagulants, and potential side effects associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. A peptic ulcer is a defect in gastric or duodenal mucosa extending from muscularis mucosa to deeper layers of the stomach wall. In most cases, ulcers respond to standard treatments. However, in some people, peptic ulcer becomes resistant to conventional treatment or recurs after initially successful therapy. Therefore, new and safe treatments, including the use of stem cells, are highly favored for these patients. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are readily available in large quantities with minimal invasive intervention, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASC) produces large amounts of stem cells, which are essential for cell-based and restorative therapies. These cells have high flexibility and can differentiate into several types of cells in vitro. This article will investigate the effects and possible mechanisms and signaling pathways of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with refractory peptic ulcers.
Highlights
Upper gastrointestinal tract consists of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
This research stated that endoscopic submucosal injection of ADMSC is a promising method in healing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-related gastric ulcers and that the paracrine effects released by mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in this process [89]
Yujiro and colleagues injected 1 × 107 BM-Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labeled with PKH67 locally into the stomach wall around the ulcer and found that MSC transplantation accelerated the healing of gastric ulcers by inducing angiogenesis in the gastric mucosa via secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) factor
Summary
Upper gastrointestinal tract consists of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. In patients with refractory gastric ulcers, studying the underlying cause and risk factors in this disease is of great importance. This process is followed by increasing secretion of histamine, which leads to enhanced release of pepsin or acid from chief and parietal cells of the stomach and eventually to development of peptic ulcers [39].
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