Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted significant research interest for applications in biomedicine. Many kinds of engineered nanomaterials, such as lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, porous nanomaterials, silica, and clay nanoparticles, have been investigated for use in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Some of the most attractive nanoparticles for biomedical applications are nanoclays. According to their mineralogical composition, approximately 30 different nanoclays exist, and the more commonly used clays are bentonite, halloysite, kaolinite, laponite, and montmorillonite. For millennia, clay minerals have been extensively investigated for use in antidiarrhea solutions, anti-inflammatory agents, blood purification, reducing infections, and healing of stomach ulcers. This widespread use is due to their high porosity, surface properties, large surface area, excellent biocompatibility, the potential for sustained drug release, thermal and chemical stability. We begin this review by discussing the major nanoclay types and their application in biomedicine, focusing on current research areas for halloysite in biomedicine. Finally, recent trends and future directions in HNT research for biomedical application are explored.
Highlights
Nanoclays are inexpensive materials that constitute sedimentary rocks and derived soils and are classified into natural and synthetic clays [1,2,3]
The and sustained drug release capability. Because of these properties, increased research is octahedral sheet is aluminum and magnesium bonded with six oxygen and a hydroxyl being focused on using Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as drug delivery systems and in bioactive bandages, tissue engineering scaffolds, and regenerative medicine
Montmorillonite nanoclay composite scaffolds have been studied for their applications in bone tissue engineering [15,16], controlled drug delivery [17], and wound healing [18,19]
Summary
Nanoclays are inexpensive materials that constitute sedimentary rocks and derived soils and are classified into natural and synthetic clays [1,2,3]. They have at least one dimension in the order of 1–100 nm [4,5,6], have a high aspect ratio, a thickness of less than one nanometer, and a surface area in the range of 700 m squared per gram [6,7]. The market for nanoclays is in automotive, biomaterials, biomedicine, cosmetics, flame retardant materials, paints, pigments and dyes, packaging, and textiles [9,10]. It is used as a bulk filler for paint, rubber, and plastics
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