Abstract
Anthocyanins, betalains, riboflavin, carotenoids, chlorophylls and caramel are the basic natural food colorants used in modern food manufacture. Betalains, which are composed of red–violet betacyanin and yellow betaxanthins, are water-soluble pigments that color flowers and fruits. Betalains are pigments primarily produced by plants of the order Caryophyllales. Because of their anti-inflammatory, cognitive impairment, anticancer and anti-hepatitis properties, betalains are useful as pharmaceutical agents and dietary supplements. Betalains also exhibit antimicrobial and antimalarial effects, and as an example, betalain-rich Amaranthus spinosus displays prominent antimalarial activity. Studies also confirmed the antidiabetic effect of betalains, which reduced glycemia by 40% without causing weight loss or liver impairment. These findings show that betalain colorants may be a promising alternative to the synthetic dyes currently used as food additives.
Highlights
Vegetables and phytochemicals markedly decrease the risk of different degenerative and chronic diseases [1] such as colorectal cancer, which is a significant cause of death worldwide; only few individuals use a traditional diet including fruits and vegetables
Red beetroot extract is a group of betalains with significant antioxidant activity, is attributed to betalamic acid, asby determined by the 2,2′-azino-bis
In another study, resulted treatment significant reduction in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, changes in mitochondrial betanin/isobetanin resulted in a significant reduction in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, membrane potential (viamembrane both internal and external apoptosis andapoptosis the formation of changes in mitochondrial potential and external pathways) autophagous vesicles in MCF-7-treated cellsin
Summary
Vegetables and phytochemicals markedly decrease the risk of different degenerative and chronic diseases [1] such as colorectal cancer, which is a significant cause of death worldwide; only few individuals use a traditional diet including fruits and vegetables. Various studies related to isolation of betanin, involving comprehensive steps and procedures to extract the purified compound from plant sources including complex food matrices such as beets. The synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) may cause harmful effects to human health, as they have been reported to be potential tumor promoters succeeding long-term administration to animals [11]. These synthetic antioxidants have been replaced with natural antioxidants extracted from food [11,12].
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