Abstract
The metal organic framework (MOF) member, MIL-100(Fe), is considered as attractive drug nanocarrier that may be due to the great porosity, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility. In the present study, the new electrochemical synthesis procedure was presented for MIL-100(Fe) building block, and secondly, folic acid (FA) was introduced to the structure for assessing its potential targeted ability to be entrapped by folic acid-positive breast cancer cells, MCF-7. Several techniques such as SEM, XRD, and FT-IR were used to characterize synthesized nanostructures. Both MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/FA nanoparticles were between 50 to 200 nm with a slightly positive net charge with an area of 1350 and 831.84 m2/g, respectively. The prodigiosin (PG) is selected as a model drug for MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/FA-targeted delivery owing to its natural fluorescence and cancer cell selectiveness. The loading capacity of both nanocarrier was around 40% with 93-97% loading efficacy. Moreover, the pH-sensitive prodigiosin release rate of MIL-100(Fe)@PG and MIL-100(Fe)/FA@PG showed that 69 to 73% of the drug was released after 24 hours in an acidic environment with around 20% unwanted leakage. The anticancer potential MIL-100(Fe)/FA cells showed the improvement of selective index (SI) from 3.21 to 12.48 which means that folic acid acts as an effective ligand. The study of cells treated with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis reveals the dependence of the receptor on the nanoparticle through endocytosis. Considering the effects of nanoparticles on healthy cells, MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/FA nanoparticles can be introduced as targeted drug delivery systems for smart targeting breast cancer cells with minimal side effects.
Highlights
Cancer is considered the second serious issue of health in human beings with a global incidence of 17 million new cases in 2018 and an estimation of 27.5 million new cases per year by 2040
Conventional cancer chemotherapy involves the nonspecific distribution of cancer therapeutic agents in the human body which limits the therapeutic dose within cancer cells, while providing excessive toxicity to normal cells, tissues, and organs [2, 3]
Chemicals. 1-Methyl imidazole, 1-chlorododecane, folic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), [3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), ethanol, methanol, and DMSO were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany)
Summary
Cancer is considered the second serious issue of health in human beings with a global incidence of 17 million new cases in 2018 and an estimation of 27.5 million new cases per year by 2040. Despite different strategies such as surgery, radiation, hormone, and immunomodulation therapy, chemotherapy plays a critical role in overcoming the treatment complexity of cancer [1]. Breast cancer has been classified as first-ranked worrying disease among women around the world [4]. In the Iranian population, over 502000 women are affected seriously by breast cancer every year [7, 8]. Long treatment duration and cancer surgery issues, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy cause many
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