Abstract

This article presents a commentary on William Ouchi's book “Theory Z: How American Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge.” The author explains that Ouchi's book was a response to the management processes of the 60s and 70s, and served as a roadmap for those companies threatened by successful Japanese management techniques. The author outlines the seven elements of a Type Z organization, including long-term employment, consensual decision-making, individual responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, implicit control with explicit measures, moderately specialized career path, and holistic concern.

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