Theory on bright and dark soliton formation in strongly magnetized plasmas

Abstract

The existence and properties of bright and dark solitons in strongly magnetized warm plasmas are investigated analytically. These solitons are solutions to a four-dimensional Hamiltonian system with zero and non-zero boundary conditions. Based on the dynamical systems theory, the parametric domains of magnetic field and soliton frequency for the existence of bright and dark solitons in both cold and warm plasmas are identified. It is found that the temperature effects play an important role in determining the parametric domains and properties of the solitons. Specifically, the temperature effects make it possible for the existence of multi-hump dark solitons and remove the constraint on magnetic field and soliton frequency caused by the non-negative condition of the density profile. The numerical integration of the soliton equations shows that the bright soliton amplitude increases with magnetic field while the dark soliton amplitude decreases with it. For both bright and dark solitons, the temperature effects suppress the soliton amplitude.