Abstract
Hubka’s theory of technical systems (TTS)describes what is common to all engineering devices,whatever their physical principles. This theory is basedon a general transformation system (TrfS), which can beused to show engineering in the contexts of society,economics and historic developments. The TS-life cycleconsists of seven major TrfS, each consisting of productspecificTrfS. Each operator of a TrfS is itself a TrfS. Theconnection to the general economy, and its financialconsequences, is shown in the TS-life cycle LC4 with itssupply chain, and stages LC6 and LC6A, the operatingproduct with its supply chain and distribution chain.Transformation systems are hierarchical. Each subsystemcan be viewed as a TrfS in its own right. Each TrfSis a sub-system to a more complex system. Invention andinnovation in TrfS can be shown (historically) to alter thestate of society, beneficially and adversely. From thisTTS, Hubka derived a systematic methodology as guide todesign engineering, novel design and re-design.
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