Theory of optical activity in doped systems with application to twisted bilayer graphene

Abstract

We theoretically study the optical activity in a doped system and derive the optical activity tensor from a light wave vector dependent linear optical conductivity. Although the light-matter interaction is introduced through the velocity gauge from a minimal-coupling Hamiltonian, we find that the well-known ``false divergences'' problem can be avoided in practice if the electronic states are described by a finite-band effective Hamiltonian, such as a few-band tight-binding model. The expression we obtain for the optical activity tensor is in good numerical agreement with a recent theory derived for an undoped topologically trivial gapped system. We apply our theory to the optical activity of a gated twisted bilayer graphene, with a detailed discussion of the dependence of the results on twist angle, chemical potential, gate voltage, and location of rotation center forming the twisted bilayer graphene.