Abstract
The ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others is fundamental to human cognition and social behavior. Research on the development of a Theory of Mind in childhood indicates a two-step developmental sequence of desire-understanding and belief-understanding in preschool age. There is ongoing debate about the significance of recent findings on Theory of Mind in infancy. Neuroimaging studies of Theory of Mind reasoning in adults provide some support for a specific Theory of Mind network. This claim is contested, however, and many relevant studies have not yet been done. There is no hard evidence for a Theory of Mind (and an understanding of belief) in non-human primates, but there is evidence for a lower-level perception-goal psychology in some animals.
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