Abstract
The present study compared theory of mind performance of children, adolescents, and older adults with a mental handicap (but without autism) to that of mental age-matched typically developing children. The performance of adults with a mental handicap did not differ from that of the typically developing children, but the performance of the children and adolescents with a mental handicap was significantly lower than that of both other groups on a standard false belief task. There were no differences between the groups on a more advanced belief-desire reasoning task, although floor effects may have been operating. The results are discussed in relation to the possible consolidation of mental abilities in adulthood in individuals with a mental handicap.
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