Abstract
The unified theory of ion holes and electron-acoustic vortices is presented. The ion Vlasov equation, coupled with the hydrodynamic equations for electrons via the Poisson equation is solved self-consistently and a novel type of nonlinear structures is found, which has the form of a quasi two-dimensional density rarefaction that is spatially localized by the nonlinearity resulting from the ion trapping in the negative potential. The perpendicular dynamics are determined by the trapping of the electron fluid in the form of vortices by the E⃗×B⃗ convection. The results are in good agreement with the cavities observed in the auroral region by the Freja satellite.
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