Abstract
A He I-He II interface is shown to exist under heat flow and is studied near the λ point. The temperature in the superfluid region is found to be of the form Tλ −T ∝ Q3/4 if dynamic scaling is assumed, where Tλ is the critical temperature andQ is the heat flow. In the normal region the temperature has a finite gradient. Here we are neglecting a small thermal resistance due to vortices in the superfluid region. In a finite system with size much greater than the correlation length a first-order phase transition occurs as an inverted bifurcation as the temperature at the cooler boundary is lowered slightly below Tλ. Namely, the system will jump from the disordered state to a state in which the two phases are separated by an interface. The theory can be constructed analogously to the theory of superconductors in a magnetic field.
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