Theory of Excitons and Excitonic Quasimolecules Formed from Spatially Separated Electrons and Holes in Quasi - Zero - Dimensional Nanosystems

Abstract

The theory of an exciton formed from spatially separated electron and hole (the hole is in the quantum dot volume, and the electron is localized at the outer spherical quantum dot–dielectric matrix interface) is developed within the modified effective mass method. The effect of significantly increasing the exciton binding energy in quantum dots of zinc selenide, synthesized in a borosilicate glass matrix, relative to that in a zinc selenide single crystal is revealed. It was shown that the short-wavelength shift of the peak of the low-temperature luminescence spectrum of samples containing zinc-selenide quantum dots, observed under the experimental conditions, is caused by quantum confinement of the ground-state energy of the exciton with a spatially separated electron and hole. A review devoted to the theory of excitonic quasimolecules (biexcitons) (formed of spatially separated electrons and holes) in a nanosystem that consists of ZnSe quantum dots synthesized in a borosilicate glass matrix is developed within the context of the modified effective mass approximation. It is shown that biexciton (exciton quasimolecule) formation is of the threshold character and possible in nanosystem, in with the spacing between the quantum dots surfaces is larger than a certain critical spacing. On the basis of analogy spectroscopy of electronic states of superatoms (or artificial atoms) and individual alkali metal atoms theoretically predicted a new artificial atom, which is similar to the new alkali metal atom.