Abstract
Abstract : A compact, symmetrical, three-port S-band circulator composed of reciprocal tee junctions and nonreciprocal phase shifters is investigated theoretically, and its experimental performance results are presented. The comparison of these results demonstrates that (1) circulators can be designed and their experimental performance described from a network model and (2) there is no theoretical limitation on the minimum amount of total differential phase shift necessary for perfect circulation. Bandwidth is investigated and techniques are discussed, including the introduction of a 'backward wave' phase shifter, for achieving larger bandwidths. The stripline, nonreciprocal, comb- filter phase shifter used in the ring circulator is described and performance results are given.
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