Abstract
Heart failure is a rapidly growing epidemic in developed countries. It has been well documented that heart failure is associated with abnormal neurohumoral activation. The autonomic regulation is characterized by decreased parasympathetic and elevated sympathetic activity. While the cardiovagal activity could be easily assessed by various heart rate variability parameters, markers of the sympathetic activity are not readily available. Percutaneous insertion of microelectrodes in a peripheral nerve allows recording of the muscle sympathetic vasomotor nerve activity (MSNA). MSNA shows good correlation with the cardiac sympathetic activity, and also with the levels of circulating catecholamines. Besides determination of the baseline sympathetic activity, rapid sympathetic responses to various stimuli can be also described by changes of MSNA. Elevated MSNA has been documented in several diseases, including hypertension, obesity, myocardial ischemia and renal failure. In heart failure, the elevated MSNA is well correlated to the clinical severity of the patient's conditions, and serves as a prognostic marker of mortality. In our paper, we give a short account of the history of MSNA studies, describe its physiological background and clinical relevance with special regard to heart failure. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(29): 1190-1199.
Highlights
Heart failure is a rapidly growing epidemic in developed countries
It has been well documented that heart failure is associated with abnormal neurohumoral activation
While the cardiovagal activity could be assessed by various heart rate variability parameters, markers of the sympathetic activity are not readily available
Summary
Az izom szimpatikus idegaktivitás vizsgálatának elméleti alapjai és története Urbancsek Réka dr.1 ■ Forgács Ildikó Noémi Papp Tímea Bianka dr.1 ■ Boczán Judit dr.2 ■ Barta Judit dr.. A cardiovascularis autonóm regulációt a csökkenő paraszimpatikus aktivitás és a fokozott szimpatikus aktivitás jellemzi. A paraszimpatikus (cardiovagalis) hatásokat jól tükrözi a pulzusszám, a szimpatikus aktivitás azonban nehezen vizsgálható. A vázizomzathoz haladó vazomotorrostokat tartalmazó perifériás idegek mikroneurográfiás vizsgálata az „izom szimpatikus idegaktivitásról” (MSNA) szolgáltat közvetlen információt. Az MSNA jól tükrözi a szív felé irányuló szimpatikus aktivitást, s jól korrelál a keringő katecholaminszintekkel is. Az utóbbival szemben azonban a rövid távú, pillanatszerűen zajló szimpatikus válaszok tanulmányozását is lehetővé teszi. Számos kórképben (hypertensio, obesitas, szívizom-ischaemia, veseelégtelenség) figyeltek meg fokozott MSNA-t. Szívelégtelenségben szoros kapcsolatot mutat a klinikai súlyossággal, és erős prognosztikus értékkel bír. Közleményünkben az MSNA-vizsgálat történetét, élettani hátterét és klinikai jelentőségét mutatjuk be.
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