Abstract
Statistical descriptions of surface wave scattering are now highly developed, and have proven very effective in relating the first and second order statistics of surface-reflected acoustic arrivals to surface conditions. Notwithstanding this success, the deterministic features of surface-scattered arrivals are of considerable importance. The limits of performance of underwater communications systems in very shallow water, for example, are determined by the frequency and properties of extreme surface focusing events. The analysis of data from the Wavefronts I, II, and V series of experiments has led to an understanding of the wave properties controlling the focusing events, as well as their impact on acoustic channel estimators. Data from the wavefronts experiments (SIO pier, 7 m deep, 40 m range) and the SPACE02 experiment (Martha’s Vineyard, 15 m depth, 250–1000 m range) will be presented and discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]
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