Abstract
In this chapter, we present the theories, knowledge bases and conceptual frameworks that support the analysis of our observations. We start with the technical lens approach for analyzing biological systems as if they were technological systems. This approach is supported by general system theory, functional modeling, functions ontologies, and TRIZ based tools such as substance field analysis, the laws of system completeness, and ideality. We move to discuss the patterns approach for analyzing biological systems. We discuss what patterns are, present various patterns based design methods and discuss the relation of patterns to biomimicry. We mainly focus on structure-function patterns as pairs of solution-problem cases.
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