Abstract
The voltage unit and the resistance unit are the basic units in electrical metering. The Josephson voltage standard and the quantized Hall resistance standard have replaced the physical reference that was maintained by standard batteries and standard resistors. This paper investigates the working principle of voltage quantum reference, resistance quantum reference and current quantum reference. Furthermore, the applications of these new electrical References are discussed. This study provides theoretical support for the development of electricity value transfer methods.
Highlights
The unit of voltage and the unit of resistance are the basic units of the electrical measurement
The discovery of Josephson effect and the quantum hall effect is the major accomplishment of modern quantum physics
The quantum electrical values further accelerate practical applications of electrical measurement and realize the triangle closing of quantum voltage, resistance and current
Summary
The unit of voltage and the unit of resistance are the basic units of the electrical measurement. The discovery of Josephson effect and the quantum hall effect is the major accomplishment of modern quantum physics. They can effectively improve the stability and reproducibility of the benchmark voltage benchmark and resistance benchmark. The voltage and current uncertainty level has been improved to 10-8 ~ 10-9 These improvements bring the modern electrical metrology technology into a new stage and achieve new breakthroughs and progress in recent years. The quantum electrical values further accelerate practical applications of electrical measurement and realize the triangle closing of quantum voltage, resistance and current. The international system of units will redefine the measurement units based on the basic physical constants of nature, and the measurement benchmark will step into the quantization age.
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