Theoretical study on the atomic substitution effect on the aromaticity and ESIPT behavior of a novel chalcone-based fluorophore

Abstract

Recently, a new ESIPT-based fluorophore (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene)-7-hydroxy-1-indanone (7HIN) was designed and obtained experimentally. We investigated the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior and photophysical properties of 7HIN based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Two derivatives of 7HIN (4HID and 4HBF) were obtained by replacing the CH2 group in the five-membered ring with NH group and O atom to study the atomic substitution effect on the proton transfer reactions and fluorescent features of 7HIN. All data from structural parameters, infrared frequencies and electron density showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHB) in 7HIN and its derivatives were strengthened in the excited state (S1), which will accelerate the ESIPT process. The potential energy curves (PECs) indicated that the proton transfer can easily occur in the S1 state because of the lower energy barrier. The electron-hole analysis revealed that the S0 → S1 transition is an intramolecular charge transfer transition. The NH- and O-substitution led to a weakening of IHB, increased the ESIPT barrier and red-shifted the absorption/emission wavelength of 7HIN. The PBE38 functional in this work is very reliable since the experimental absorption/fluorescence wavelength of 7HIN was reproduced well.