Theoretical Study of the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of 1H‐Benzimidazole and 2‐Ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐Substituted 1H‐Benzimidazoles

Abstract

AbstractTheoretical study of the photophysical/photochemical properties of 1H‐benzimidazole and its derivatives was carried out using APFD, B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP and PBE0 density functionals with 6‐311+G(2d,p) basis set. The effects of ethanol, 1,4‐dioxane, acetonitrile and water was investigated by means of Integral Equation Formalism of the Polarizable Continuum Model (IEPCM) in the framework of Self‐Consistent Reaction Field (SCRF). The results obtained show that S2 state of the 1H‐benzimidazole molecule is more acidic than the S0 state as the N5−H11 bond length increased to ~ 1.01 Å. At B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p) level of theory, the excitation energy of 1H‐bensimidazole molecule in ethanol from S0 to the S2 state was calculated to be 273 nm (4.54 eV). The electronic energy for this transition was calculated to be 0.131 a.u. and observed to occur between π→π* orbitals. Calculations with the PBE0, APFD and B3LYP functionals reproduced the experimental dipole moment in 1,4‐dioxane, with values of 4.09, 4.09 and 4.07 Debye respectively. However, the dipole moments of the 2‐ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazoles were calculated to be higher for electron donating groups (EDGs) than those bearing electron withdrawing groups (EWGs). In addition, the molecular polarizability was observed to increase with decreasing energy gap. Local excitation (LE) and charge‐transfer (CT) were observed to mediate the mechanisms of electronic excitation in 2‐ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazoles.