Theoretical study of SPP properties based on black phosphorus–graphene van der Waals heterostructure

Feng Zhou,Chen Liang

doi:10.1063/5.0025156

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) properties based on black phosphorus–graphene van der Waals heterostructures that can be tuned by both the incident light angle of black phosphorus and Fermi level of graphene. We elucidate the angle-dependent SPP properties for the hybrid structure from the visible regime to mid-infrared regime. The results show that the largest SPP propagation distance is obtained in the zigzag direction of black phosphorus except when the wavelength is tuned from 380 nm to 480 nm in the visible regime and 1 µm–1.2 µm in the near infrared regime. We also reveal the quasi-linear and quasi-square linear relationship between the SPP propagation distance and Fermi level of graphene for different regimes. Our work would be of great value to construct and optimize the angle-dependent and tunable SPP devices based on the hybridization of different 2D materials.

Highlights

Scitation.org/journal/adv which have never been reported so far
SiO2 is first placed on the silicon substrate serving as the dielectric substrate, the continuous graphene sheet is transferred onto the SiO2, and the black phosphorus layer is transferred onto the graphene sheet
When the incident light of TM polarization irradiates the hybrid structure, both surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in black phosphorus and graphene would be excited, and it would be of great interest to delve into the characteristics of SPP properties for the whole heterostructure

Summary

Introduction

Scitation.org/journal/adv which have never been reported so far. It is revealed that by dynamically tuning the Fermi level of graphene or applied voltage on graphene, a quasi-linear and quasi-square linear relationship with SPP propagation distance can be obtained for different regimes. Situations are totally different when the wavelength is tuned to 400 nm, shown in Fig. 4(c); due to the smaller imaginary part of permittivity, SPP wave propagation can be better supported in the armchair rather than the zigzag direction.

Results

Conclusion