Theoretical studies on electronic spectroscopy and dynamics with the real-time time-dependent density functional theory

Abstract

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has evolved into a general routine to extract the energies of low-lying excited states over the last decades. Driven by the remarkable progress of laser technology, the study of the interaction between matter and intense laser fields with ultrashort pulse duration develops rapidly. A great number of new strong field phenomena emerge. The requirement of a theoretical tool to study the intense field phenomena and dynamical processes of polyatomic systems is urgent. To extend the power of the TDDFT beyond the linear responses, an alternative scheme has been developed by numerically solving the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations directly in real-time domain. In this article, we summarize the algorithms and capabilities of the real-time TDDFTon studying electron spectroscopy and dynamics of polyatomic systems. The failure of TDDFT with the adiabatic localdensity approximation on some dynamical processes and the possible solutions are synopsized as well. The numerical implementation of algorithms and applications of RT-TDDFT on the linear and nonlinear spectroscopies and electronic dynamics of nano-size nonmetal clusters are displayed.