Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) materials are becoming increasingly relevant in the development of new technologies for biomedical applications, sensors and actuators, among others. Mathematical models and simulations allow to optimize features and acquire fundamental knowledge on material properties to achieve innovative developments and devices. In this way, this work is focused on the simulation of both polymer-based and ceramic-based ME laminates, in order to evaluate the influence of their structure, mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties on the ME response. The effect of size and configuration has been evaluated in Vitrovac/poly (vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) and Vitrovac/lead zirconate titanate (PZT) laminated composites. It has been established that the elastic properties and amorphous constitution of PVDF are key parameters governing its ME response, increasing its influence with increasing number of layers in the composite. Good agreement is established when comparing trends reported experimentally in the literature, presenting a curve that rapidly increases their αunit with increasing thickness ratio up to n = 0.3, when saturation is reached. Further, an optimal configuration for PZT multilayers is found, with external magnetostrictive phases and thickness ratio above 0.2, leading to a ME response of 86.7 V/cm. Finally, it has been established that PVDF configurations with external magnetostrictive phases (M-M configuration) show more stable behaviour (without the observation of random peaks) and trends over different number of layers, of about 11.5 V/cm, while P–P configurations present regions with random peaks, that is out of the expected trend and with a ME response (48 V/cm) that closer to the one obtained on ceramic multilayers.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric (ME) and multiferroic materials are being increasingly studied from the fundamental and application point of view
Small irregularities are introduced by the semicrystalline nature of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the ME response curves for magnetostrictive thickness sweep, resulting in above average α value for Vitrovac thicknesses of 20 μm and 300 μm, and below average α values for magnetostrictive thicknesses of 50 μm and 700 μm
A structural simulation model based on Finite Element Methods (FEM) for magnetoelectric (ME) composites was developed in order to establish the influence of the mechanical properties and morphology of the different layers in the ME response
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) and multiferroic materials are being increasingly studied from the fundamental and application point of view. Composites with magnetostrictive (ms) and piezoelectric (pzo) phases provide the best systems to improve ME response, and the knowledge of these materials from the fundamental point of view is the key tool to achieve optimized performances, being theoretical models and simulations a key element to optimize coupling and geometry [7, 8]. Mathematical models and, Finite element method simulation models represent a suitable tool to optimize the performance of such new materials[7, 8], by incorporating a wide spectrum of parameters, including physico-chemical characteristics of materials and geometries [7, 8] This methodology is even more interesting when the ME performance of the materials are difficult to obtain by direct measurements and provide knowledge that can lead to the production of new and optimized materials for devices[16]. Vitrovac 4040®[25] (Fe39Ni39Mo4Si6B12) was used as magnetostrictive component based on its high piezomagnetic coefficient at low magnetic fields [16]
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