Theoretical justification of the assessment of contamination of surface water resources by underground runoff as a result of military operations

Abstract

Military actions on the territory of Ukraine cause a negative impact on the quality of water resources due to the ingress of contaminated effluents into underground horizons due to the destruction and/or damage of treatment facilities. This work deals with the definition of theoretical approaches to the quantitative assessment of pollution entering surface water resources through underground feeding due to damage to protective screens in ponds, storage tanks of various types and tailings storage facilities. The spread of contamination in case of screen damage was noted in three stages: wetting of the aeration zone from the damaged lining to the surface of the underground flow; non-stationary rise in the groundwater level with the formation of a water dome; became filtering in the direction of discharge of underground flow. The problem of the loss of piezometric head during the passage of the filtration flow through the screen structure and the determination of the flow of polluted water from the specified structure based on this value are considered. An analytical solution to the problem of wetting the aeration zone from the damaged lining to the surface of the pressureless underground flow is given. Taking into account the increase in the permeability coefficient of the screen due to damage, increased cracking, gusts, it was established that if its value is greater than or equal to 1.0*10-2m/day, the effect of screen protection can be ignored, and the filtration costs can be calculated according to the well-known infiltration formulas from unlined sewage treatment plant. The proposed approaches at different stages of filtration losses from the sewage treatment plant may in the future form the basis of the development of methods for calculating the migration of pollutants, taking into account the various sources of their entry into the groundwater, depending on the degree of damage to the shielded sewage treatment facilities.