Theoretical investigation of time-dependent Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms due to stretching cylinder

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in thermal and solutal capabilities of conventional fluids based on the interaction of nanoparticles. In the current continuation, a numerical investigation of the time-dependent flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms has been carried out. The novel features of binary chemical reaction with Arrhenius activation energy and thermal radiation are also encountered in the flow analysis. The heat transportation of nanofluids is analyzed using Buongiorno's model, which allows us to determine the appealing aspects of Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion. The inclusion of nanoparticles has no effect on the swimming velocity and direction of self-propelled motile microorganisms. The convection occurs only in a dilute suspension of nanoparticles; otherwise, a high concentration of nanoparticles would raise the viscosity, suppressing convection, therefore the nanoparticle concentration is kept below 1% and the nanoparticle suspension is dilute. For the mathematical description of the relevant physical phenomenon, a system of partial differential equations is created. The impact of numerous relevant parameters on the flow characteristic is investigated using graphs and tables and addressed in detail using physical descriptions.